Exekúcia voči majetku manželov (bezpodielové spoluvlastníctvo)

Exekúcia voči majetku manželov (bezpodielové spoluvlastníctvo)

 

Akým spôsobom prebieha exekúcia ak je dlžníkom len jeden s manželov ?

V BSM (bezpodielovom spoluvlastníctve manželov) neexistujú podiely žiadneho zo spoluvlastníkov (manželov) na spoločnej veci. Preto rovnako sa nemôže veriteľ pri vymáhaní svojej pohľadávky obmedziť iba na podiel tohto dlžníka (manžela) na spoločnom majetku.

 

Takto to definuje  Zákon č. 40/1964 Zb. Občiansky zákonník § 147 (1) Pohľadávka veriteľa len jedného z manželov, ktorá vznikla za trvania manželstva, môže byť pri výkone rozhodnutia uspokojená i z majetku patriaceho do bezpodielového spoluvlastníctva manželov.

 

Uvedené ustanovenie preto umožňuje, aby veriteľ dosiahol uspokojenie svojej pohľadávky aj z tých vecí, ktorých je dlžník bezpodielovým spoluvlastníkom. Predpokladom možnosti postupu podľa tohto ustanovenia je :

a/ majetok v čase výkonu rozhodnutia patrí do bezpodielového spoluvlastníctva manželov a

b/ pohľadávka veriteľa vznikla za trvania manželstva.

 

Čo však v prípade, ak v priebehu exekučného konania zanikne BSM?

Z vyššie uvedeného možno vyvodiť, že exekúcia bude možná len do doby, kým veci neprestanú tvoriť BSM. Dôležitým momentom nie je zánik BSM, ale jeho vyporiadanie. Od okamihu vyporiadania BSM je možné viest  exekúciu len na podiel dlžníka nie na podiel druhého (bývalého) manžela.

 

Čo do BSM patrí:

V bezpodielovom spoluvlastníctve manželov je všetko, čo môže byť predmetom vlastníctva a čo nadobudol niektorý z manželov za trvania manželstva

Čo do BSM nepatrí:

Veci, ktoré jeden z manželov získal dedičstvom alebo darom, ako aj veci, ktoré podľa svojej povahy slúžia osobnej potrebe alebo výkonu povolania len jedného z manželov. Nepatria tam ani veci vydané jednému z manželov  pri reštitúcii majetku.

Vyporiadať spoločne nadobudnutý majetok je možné:

 

a) dohodou manželov (§ 149 ods. 2 OZ, ak dôjde k vyporiadaniu dohodou, sú manželia povinní vydať si na požiadanie písomné potvrdenie o tom, ako sa vyporiadali),

b) súdnym rozhodnutím (§ 149 ods. 3 OZ, ak sa vyporiadanie nevykoná dohodou, vykoná ho na návrh niektorého z manželov súd),

c) zo zákona uplynutím doby (§ 149 ods. 3 OZ, ak do troch rokov od zániku bezpodielového spoluvlastníctva manželov nedošlo k jeho vyporiadaniu dohodou alebo nebolo na návrh podaný do troch rokov od jeho zániku vyporiadané rozhodnutím súdu, platí, pokiaľ ide o hnuteľné veci, že sa manželia vyporiadali podľa stavu, v akom každý z nich veci z bezpodielového spoluvlastníctva pre potrebu svoju, svojej rodiny a domácnosti výlučne ako vlastník užíva. V ostatných hnuteľných veciach a o nehnuteľných veciach platí, že sú v podielovom spoluvlastníctve a že podiely oboch spoluvlastníkov sú rovnaké.

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